These are all described below.
alias NAME DEFINITION alias NAME=DEFINITION
Alias does not keep track of which functions have been defined using alias, nor does it allow erasing of aliases.
Back to index.
COMMAND1; and COMMAND2
and
builtin is used to execute a command if the current exit status (as set by the last previous command) is 0.The and command does not change the current exit status.
The exit status of the last foreground command to exit can always be accessed using the $status variable.
make
command to build a program, if the build succceds, the program is installed. If either step fails, make clean
is run, which removes the files created by the build process
make; and make install; or make clean
Back to index.
begin; [COMMANDS...;] end
begin
builtin is used to create a new block of code. The block is unconditionally executed. begin; ...; end
is equivalent to if true; ...; end
. The begin command is used to group any number of commands into a block. The reason for doing so is usually either to introduce a new variable scope, to redirect the input or output of a set of commands as a group, or to specify precedence when using the conditional commands like and
.
The begin
command does not change the current exit status.
begin set -l PIRATE Yarrr ... end # This will not output anything, since the PIRATE variable went out # of scope at the end of the block echo $PIRATE
In the following code, all output is redirected to the file out.html.
begin echo $xml_header echo $html_header if test -e $file ... end ...
end > out.html
Back to index.
bg [PID...]
The PID of the desired process is usually found by using process globbing.
bg %0
will put the job with job id 0 in the background.Back to index.
bind [OPTIONS] [BINDINGS...]
The bind
builtin causes fish to add the readline style bindings specified by BINDINGS to the list of key bindings, as if they appeared in your ~/.fish_inputrc
file.
For more information on the syntax keyboard bindings, use man readline
to access the readline documentation. The availiable commands are listed in the Command Line Editor section of the fish manual - but you may also use any fish command! To write such commands, see the commandline builtin. It's good practice to put the code into a function -b
and bind to the function name.
-M MODE
or --set-mode=MODE
sets the current input mode to MODE.bind -M vi
changes to the vi input mode
bind '"\M-j": jobs'
Binds the jobs command to the Alt-j keyboard shortcut
Back to index.
block [OPTIONS...]
-l
or --local
Release the block at the end of the currently innermost block scope-g
or --global
Never automatically release the lock-e
or --erase
Release global blockblock -g #Do something that should not be interrupted block -e
Back to index.
LOOP_CONSTRUCT; [COMMANDS...] break; [COMMANDS...] end
break
builtin is used to halt a currently running loop, such as a for loop or a while loop. It is usually added inside of a conditional block such as an if statement or a switch statement.
for i in *.c if grep smurf $i echo Smurfs are present in $i break end end
Back to index.
builtin BUILTINNAME [OPTIONS...]
-n
or --names
List the names of all defined builtinsPrefixing a command with the word 'builtin' forces fish to ignore any functions with the same name.
builtin jobs
causes fish to execute the jobs builtin, even if a function named jobs exists.
Back to index.
switch VALUE; [case [WILDCARD...]; [COMMANDS...]; ...] end
switch
statement is used to perform one of several blocks of commands depending on whether a specified value equals one of several wildcarded values. The case
statement is used together with the switch
statement in order to determine which block should be performed.
Each case
command is given one or more parameter. The first case
command with a parameter that matches the string specified in the switch command will be evaluated. case
parameters may contain wildcards. These need to be escaped or quoted in order to avoid regular wildcard expansion using filenames.
Note that fish does not fall through on case statements. Though the syntax may look a bit like C switch statements, it behaves more like the case stamantes of traditional shells.
Also note that command substitutions in a case statement will be evaluated even if it's body is not taken. This may seem counterintuitive at first, but it is unavoidable, since it would be impossible to know if a case command will evaluate to true before all forms of parameter expansion have been performed for the case command.
switch $animal case cat echo evil case wolf dog human moose dolphin whale echo mammal case duck goose albatross echo bird case shark trout stingray echo fish case '*' echo I have no idea what a $animal is end
If the above code was run with $animal
set to whale
, the output would be mammal
.
Back to index.
cd [DIRECTORY]
DIRECTORY
is supplied it will become the new directory. If DIRECTORY
is a relative path, the paths found in the CDPATH environment variable array will be tried as prefixes for the specified path. If CDPATH is not set, it is assumed to be '.'. If DIRECTORY
is not specified, $HOME will be the new directory.Back to index.
command COMMANDNAME [OPTIONS...]
command ls
causes fish to execute the ls program, even if there exists a 'ls' function.
Back to index.
commandline [OPTIONS] [CMD]
CMD
is the new value of the commandline. If unspecified, the current value of the commandline is written to standard output.The following switches change what the commandline builtin does
-C
or --cursor
set or get the current cursor position, not the contents of the buffer. If no argument is given, the current cursor position is printed, otherwise the argument is interpreted as the new cursor position.-f
or --function
inject readline functions into the reader. This option can not be combined with any other option. It will cause any additional arguments to be interpreted as readline functions, and these functions will be injected into the reader, so that they will be returned to the reader before any additional actual key presses are read.
The following switches change the way commandline
updates the commandline buffer
-a
or --append
do not remove the current commandline, append the specified string at the end of it-i
or --insert
do not remove the current commandline, insert the specified string at the current cursor position-r
or --replace
remove the current commandline and replace it with the specified string (default)The following switches change what part of the commandline is printed or updated
-b
or --current-buffer
select the entire buffer (default)-j
or --current-job
select the current job-p
or --current-process
select the current process-t
or --current-token
select the current token.
The following switch changes the way commandline
prints the current commandline buffer
-c
or --cut-at-cursor
only print selection up until the current cursor position-o
or --tokenize
tokenize the selection and print one string-type token per line
If commandline is called during a call to complete a given string using complete -C STRING
, commandline will consider the specified string to be the current contents of the commandline.
commandline -j $history[3]
replaces the job under the cursor with the third item from the commandline history.
Back to index.
complete (-c|--command|-p|--path) COMMAND [(-s|--short-option) SHORT_OPTION] [(-l|--long-option|-o|--old-option) LONG_OPTION [(-a||--arguments) OPTION_ARGUMENTS] [(-d|--description) DESCRIPTION]
COMMAND
is the name of the command for which to add a completionSHORT_OPTION
is a one character option for the commandLONG_OPTION
is a multi character option for the commandOPTION_ARGUMENTS
is parameter containing a space-separated list of possible option-arguments, which may contain subshellsDESCRIPTION
is a description of what the option and/or option arguments do-C STRING
or --do-complete=STRING
makes complete try to find all possible completions for the specified string-e
or --erase
implies that the specified completion should be deleted-f
or --no-files
specifies that the option specified by this completion may not be followed by a filename-n
or --condition
specifies a shell command that must return 0 if the completion is to be used. This makes it possible to specify completions that should only be used in some cases.-o
or --old-option
implies that the command uses old long style options with only one dash-p
or --path
implies that the string COMMAND is the full path of the command-r
or --require-parameter
specifies that the option specified by this completion always must have an option argument, i.e. may not be followed by another option-u
or --unauthorative
implies that there may be more options than the ones specified, and that fish should not assume that options not listed are spelling errors-A
or --authorative
implies that there may be no more options than the ones specified, and that fish should assume that options not listed are spelling errors-x
or --exclusive
implies both -r
and -f
Command specific tab-completions in fish
are based on the notion of options and arguments. An option is a parameter which begins with a hyphen, such as '-h', '-help' or '--help'. Arguments are parameters that do not begin with a hyphen. Fish recognizes three styles of options, the same styles as the GNU version of the getopt library. These styles are:
The options for specifying command name, command path, or command switches may all be used multiple times to specify multiple commands which have the same completion or multiple switches accepted by a command.
When erasing completions, it is possible to either erase all completions for a specific command by specifying complete -e -c COMMAND
, or by specifying a specific completion option to delete by specifying either a long, short or old style option.
-o
for the gcc
command requires that a file follows it. This can be done using writing complete -c gcc -s o -r
.
The short style option -d
for the grep
command requires that one of the strings 'read', 'skip' or 'recurse' is used. This can be specified writing complete -c grep -s d -x -a "read skip recurse"
.
The su
command takes any username as an argument. Usernames are given as the first colon-separated field in the file /etc/passwd. This can be specified as: complete -x -c su -d "Username" -a "(cat /etc/passwd|cut -d : -f 1)"
.
The rpm
command has several different modes. If the -e
or --erase
flag has been specified, rpm
should delete one or more packages, in which case several switches related to deleting packages are valid, like the nodeps
switch.
This can be written as:
complete -c rpm -n "__fish_contains_opt -s e erase" -l nodeps -d "Don't check dependencies"
where __fish_contains_opt
is a function that checks the commandline buffer for the presence of a specified set of options.
Back to index.
contains [OPTIONS] KEY [VALUES...]
-h
or --help
display this messageTest if the set VALUES contains the string KEY. Return status is 0 if yes, 1 otherwise
for i in ~/bin /usr/local/bin if not contains $i $PATH set PATH $PATH i end end
The above code tests if ~/bin and /usr/local/bin are in the path and if they are not, they are added.
Back to index.
LOOP_CONSTRUCT; [COMMANDS...;] continue; [COMMANDS...;] end
continue
builtin is used to skip the current lap of the innermost currently running loop, such as a for loop or a while loop. It is usually added inside of a conditional block such as an if statement or a switch statement.
for i in *.tmp if grep smurf $i continue end rm $i end
Back to index.
count $VARIABLE
count
prints the number of arguments that were passed to it. This is usually used to find out how many elements an environment variable array contains, but this is not the only potential usage for the count command.
The count command does not accept any options, not even '-h'. This way the user does not have to worry about an array containing elements such as dashes. fish
performs a special check when invoking the count program, and if the user uses a help option, this help page is displayed, but if a help option is contained inside of a variable or is the result of expansion, it will be passed on to the count program.
Count exits with a non-zero exit status if no arguments where passed to it, with zero otherwise.
count $PATH
returns the number of directories in the users PATH variable.
count *.txt
returns the number of files in the current working directory ending with the suffix '.txt'.
Back to index.
dirh
dirh
prints the current directory history. The current position in the history is highlighted using $fish_color_history_current
.Back to index.
dirs
dirs
prints the current directory stack.Back to index.
if CONDITION; COMMANDS_TRUE...; [else; COMMANDS_FALSE...;] end
if
will execute the command CONDITION. If the condition's exit status is 0, the commands COMMANDS_TRUE will execute. If it is not 0 and else
is given, COMMANDS_FALSE will be executed. Hint: use begin; ...; end
for complex conditions.if test -f foo.txt; echo foo.txt exists; else; echo foo.txt does not exist; end
will print foo.txt exists
if the file foo.txt exists and is a regular file, otherwise it will print foo.txt does not exist
.Back to index.
begin; [COMMANDS...] end if CONDITION; COMMANDS_TRUE...; [else; COMMANDS_FALSE...;] end while CONDITION; COMMANDS...; end for VARNAME in [VALUES...]; COMMANDS...; end switch VALUE; [case [WILDCARD...]; [COMMANDS...]; ...] end
end
ends a block of commands. For more information, read the documentation for the block constructs, such as if
, for
and while
.
The end
command does not change the current exit status.
Back to index.
eval [COMMANDS...]
eval
builtin causes fish to evaluate the specified parameters as a command. If more than one parameter is specified, all parameters will be joined using a space character as a separator.set cmd ls eval $cmd
will call the ls command.
Back to index.
exec COMMAND [OPTIONS...]
exec
builtin is used to replace the currently running shells process image with a new command. On successful completion, exec never returns. exec can not be used inside a pipeline.exec emacs
starts up the emacs text editor. When emacs exits, the session will terminate.Back to index.
exit [STATUS]
exit
builtin causes fish to exit. If STATUS
is supplied, it will be converted to an integer and used as the exit code. Otherwise the exit code will be that of the last command executed.If exit is called while sourcing a file (using the . builtin) the rest of the file will be skipped, but the shell itself will not exit.
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fg [PID]
The PID of the desired process is usually found by using process globbing.
fg %0
will put the job with job id 0 in the foreground.Back to index.
-c
or --command=COMMANDS
evaluate the specified commands instead of reading from the commandline-d
or --debug-level=DEBUG_LEVEL
specify the verbosity level of fish. A higher number means higher verbosity. The default level is 1.-h
or --help
display help and exit-i
or --interactive
specify that fish is to run in interactive mode-l
or --login
specify that fish is to run as a login shell-n
or --no-execute
do not execute any commands, only perform syntax checking-p
or --profile=PROFILE_FILE
when fish exits, output timing information on all executed commands to the specified file-v
or --version
display version and exitThe fish exit status is generally the exit status of the last foreground command. If fish is exiting because of a parse error, the exit status is 127.
Back to index.
Back to index.
fishd [(-h|--help|-v|--version)]
fishd
daemon is used to load, save and distribute universal variable information. fish automatically connects to fishd via a socket on startup. If no instance of fishd is running, fish spawns a new fishd instance. fishd will create a socket in /tmp, and wait for incoming connections from universal variable clients, such as fish, When no clients are connected, fishd will automatically shut down.
-h
or --help
displays this help message and then exits-v
or --version
displays the current fish version and then exits~/
.config/fish/fishd.HOSTNAME permanent storage location for universal variable data. The data is stored as a set of set
and set_export
commands such as would be parsed by fishd. The file must always be stored in ASCII format. If an instance of fishd is running (which is generally the case), manual modifications to ~/.fishd.HOSTNAME will be lost. Do NOT edit this file manually!
/tmp/fishd
.socket.USERNAME the socket which fishd uses to communicate with all clients.
/tmp/fishd.log.USERNAME the fishd log file
Back to index.
for VARNAME in [VALUES...]; COMMANDS...; end
for
is a loop construct. It will perform the commands specified by COMMANDS multiple times. Each time the environment variable specified by VARNAME is assigned a new value from VALUES. If VALUES is empty, COMMANDS will not be executed at all.
for i in foo bar baz; echo $i; end
would output:
foo bar baz
Back to index.
function [OPTIONS] NAME; BODY; end
-d DESCRIPTION
or --description=DESCRIPTION
is a description of what the function does, suitable as a completion description-j PID
or --on-job-exit PID
tells fish to run this function when the job with group id PID exits. Instead of PID, the string 'caller' can be specified. This is only legal when in a command substitution, and will result in the handler being triggered by the exit of the job which created this command substitution.-p PID
or --on-process-exit PID
tells fish to run this function when the fish child process with process id PID exits-s
or --on-signal SIGSPEC
tells fish to run this function when the signal SIGSPEC is delivered. SIGSPEC can be a signal number, or the signal name, such as SIGHUP (or just HUP)-v
or --on-variable VARIABLE_NAME
tells fish to run this function when the variable VARIABLE_NAME changes valueThis builtin command is used to create a new function. A function is a list of commands that will be executed when the name of the function is entered. The function
function hi echo hello end
will write hello
whenever the user enters hi
.
If the user enters any additional arguments after the function, they are inserted into the environment variable array argv.
function ll ls -l $argv end
will run the ls
command, using the -l
option, while passing on any additional files and switches to ls
.
function mkdir -d "Create a directory and set CWD" mkdir $argv if test $status = 0 switch $argv[(count $argv)] case '-*'
case '*' cd $argv[(count $argv)] return end end end
will run the mkdir command, and if it is successful, change the current working directory to the one just created.
Back to index.
functions [-e] FUNCTIONS...
-a
or --all
list all functions, even those whose name start with an underscore.-d DESCRIPTION
or --description=DESCRIPTION
change the description of this function-e
or --erase
causes the specified functions to be erased.-h
or --help
display a help message and exit-n
or --names
list only the names of all defined functions, not their definition-q
or --query
test if the specified functions exist. Does not output anything, but the builtins exit status is the number of functions specified that were not defined.
The default behavior of functions
when called with no arguments, is to print the names and definitions of all defined functions. If any non-switch parameters are given, only the definition of the specified functions are printed.
Automatically loaded functions can not be removed using functions -e. Either remove the definition file or change the $fish_function_path variable to remove autoloaded functions.
The exit status of the functions builtin is the number functions specified in the argument list that do not exist.
Back to index.
help [SECTION]
help
command is used to display a section of the fish help documentation.If the BROWSER environment variable is set, it will be used to display the documentation, otherwise fish will search for a suitable browser.
Note also that most builtin commands display their help in the terminal when given the --help
option.
help fg
shows the documentation for the fg
builtin.Back to index.
if CONDITION; COMMANDS_TRUE...; [else; COMMANDS_FALSE...;] end
if
will execute the command CONDITION. If the condition's exit status is 0, the commands COMMANDS_TRUE will execute. If the exit status is not 0 and else
is given, COMMANDS_FALSE will be executed.
In order to use the exit status of mutiple commands as the condition of an if block, use begin; ...; end
and the short circut commands and and or.
The exit status of the last foreground command to exit can always be accessed using the $status variable.
if test -f foo.txt echo foo.txt exists else echo foo.txt does not exist endwill print
foo.txt exists
if the file foo.txt exists and is a regular file, otherwise it will print foo.txt does not exist
.Back to index.
isatty [FILE DESCRIPTOR]
where FILE DESCRIPTOR may be either the number of a file descriptor, or one of the strings stdin, stdout and stderr.
If the specified file descriptor is a tty, the exit status of the command is zero, otherwise, it is non-zero.
Back to index.
jobs [OPTIONS] [PID]
jobs
builtin causes fish to print a list of the currently running jobs and their status.jobs accepts the following switches:
-c
or --command
print the command name for each process in jobs-g
or --group
only print the group id of each job-h
or --help
display a help message and exit-l
or --last
only the last job to be started is printed-p
or --pid
print the process id for each process in all jobsOn systems that supports this feature, jobs will print the CPU usage of each job since the last command was executed. The CPU usage is expressed as a percentage of full CPU activity. Note that on multiprocessor systems, the total activity may be more than 100%.
Back to index.
math EXPRESSION
math 1+1
.For a description of the syntax supported by math, see the manual for the bc program. Keep in mind that parameter expansion takes place on any expressions before they are evaluated. This can be very useful in order to perform calculations involving environment variables or the output of command substitutions, but it also means that parenthesis have to be escaped.
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mimedb [OPTIONS] FILES...
FILES
is a list of files to analyse-t
, --input-file-data
the specified files type should be determined both by their filename and by their contents (Default)-f
, --input-filename
the specified files type should be determined by their filename-i
, --input-mime
the arguments are not files but mimetypes-m
, --output-mime
the output will be the mimetype of each file (Default)-f
, --output-description
the output will be the description of each mimetype-a
, --output-action
the output will be the default action of each mimetype-l
, --launch
launch the default action for the specified file(s)-h
, --help
display a help message and exit-v
, --version
display version number and exitThe mimedb command is used to query the mimetype database and the .desktop files installed on the system in order to find information on a file. The information that mimedb can retrive includes the mimetype for a file, a description of the type and what its default action is. mimedb can also be used to launch the default action for this file.
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nextd [-l | --list] [pos]
nextd
moves forwards pos
positions in the history of visited directories; if the end of the history has been hit, a warning is printed. If the -l>
or --list
flag is specified, the current history is also displayed.Back to index.
not COMMAND [OPTIONS...]
not
builtin is used to negate the exit status of another command.if not test -f spoon echo There is no spoon exit 1 end
Back to index.
open FILES...
open
command is used to open a file in it's default application. open
is implemented using the mimedb command.open *.txt
opens all the text files in the current directory using your systems default text editor.Back to index.
COMMAND1; or COMMAND2
or
builtin is used to execute a command if the current exit status (as set by the last previous command) is not 0.The or command does not change the current exit status.
The exit status of the last foreground command to exit can always be accessed using the $status variable.
make
command to build a program, if the build succceds, the program is installed. If either step fails, make clean
is run, which removes the files created by the build process
make; and make install; or make clean
Back to index.
popd
popd
removes the top directory from the directory stack and cd's to the new top directory.Back to index.
prevd [-l | --list] [pos]
prevd
moves backwards pos
positions in the history of visited directories; if the beginning of the history has been hit, a warning is printed. If the -l
or --list
flag is specified, the current history is also displayed.Back to index.
COMMAND1 (COMMAND2|psub [-f])
If the -f
or --file
switch is given to psub, psub will use a regular file instead of a named pipe to communicate with the calling process. This will cause psub to be significantly slower when large amounts of data are involved, but has the advantage that the reading process can seek in the stream.
diff (sort a.txt|psub) (sort b.txt|psub)
shows the difference between the sorted versions of files a.txt and b.txt.Back to index.
pushd [DIRECTORY]
pushd
function adds DIRECTORY to the top of the directory stack and makes it the current directory. Use popd
to pop it off and and return to the original directory.Back to index.
random [SEED]
random
command is used to generate a random number in the interval 0<=N<32767. If an argument is given, it is used to seed the random number generator. This can be useful for debugging purposes, where it can be desirable to get the same random number sequence multiple times. If the random number generator is called without first seeding it, the current time will be used as the seed.
for i in (seq (random) -1 1) echo $i sleep end
Back to index.
read [OPTIONS] [VARIABLES...]
read
builtin causes fish to read one line from standard input and store the result in one or more environment variables.
-c CMD
or --command=CMD
specifies that the initial string in the interactive mode command buffer should be CMD.-e
or --export
specifies that the variables will be exported to subshells.-g
or --global
specifies that the variables will be made global.-m NAME
or --mode-name=NAME
specifies that the name NAME should be used to save/load the hiustory file. If NAME is fish, the regular fish history will be available.-p PROMPT_CMD
or --prompt=PROMPT_CMD
specifies that the output of the shell command PROMPT_CMD should be used as the prompt for the interactive mode prompt. The default prompt command is set_color green; echo read; set_color normal; echo "> "
.-s
or --shell
Use syntax highlighting, tab completions and command termination suitable for entering shellscript code-u
or --unexport
causes the specified environment not to be exported to child processes-U
or --universal
causes the specified environment variable to be made universal. If this option is supplied, the variable will be shared between all the current users fish instances on the current computer, and will be preserved across restarts of the shell.-x
or --export
causes the specified environment variable to be exported to child processes
Read starts by reading a single line of input from stdin, the line is then tokenized using the IFS
environment variable. Each variable specified in VARIABLES
is then assigned one tokenized string element. If there are more tokens than variables, the complete remainder is assigned to the last variable.
echo hello|read foo
Will cause the variable $foo to be assigned the value hello.
Back to index.
function NAME; [COMMANDS...;] return [STATUS]; [COMMANDS...;] end
return
builtin is used to halt a currently running function. It is usually added inside of a conditional block such as an if statement or a switch statement to conditionally stop the executing function and return to the caller, but it can also be used to specify the exit status of a function.
STATUS
is the return status of the function. If unspecified, the status is unchanged.
function false return 1 end
Back to index.
save_function FUNCTION_NAME
Back to index.
set [SCOPE_OPTIONS] set [OPTIONS] VARIABLE_NAME VALUES... set [OPTIONS] VARIABLE_NAME[INDICES]... VALUES... set (-q | --query) [SCOPE_OPTIONS] VARIABLE_NAMES... set (-e | --erase) [SCOPE_OPTIONS] VARIABLE_NAME set (-e | --erase) [SCOPE_OPTIONS] VARIABLE_NAME[INDICES]...
The set
builtin causes fish to assign the variable VARIABLE_NAME
the values VALUES...
.
-e
or --erase
causes the specified environment variable to be erased-l
or --local
forces the specified environment variable to be given a scope that is local to the current block, even if a variable with the given name exists and is non-local-g
or --global
causes the specified environment variable to be given a global scope. Non-global variables disappear when the block they belong to ends-U
or --universal
causes the specified environment variable to be given a universal scope. If this option is supplied, the variable will be shared between all the current users fish instances on the current computer, and will be preserved across restarts of the shell.-n
or --names
List only the names of all defined variables, not their value-q
or --query
test if the specified variable names are defined. Does not output anything, but the builtins exit status is the number of variables specified that were not defined.-u
or --unexport
causes the specified environment not to be exported to child processes-x
or --export
causes the specified environment variable to be exported to child processesIf set is called with no arguments, the names and values of all environment variables are printed. If some of the scope or export flags have been given, only the variables matching the specified scope are printed.
If a variable is set to more than one value, the variable will be an array with the specified elements. If a variable is set to zero elements, it will become an array with zero elements.
If the variable name is one or more array elements, such as PATH[1 3 7]
, only those array elements specified will be changed. When array indices are specified to set, multiple arguments may be used to specify additional indexes, e.g. set PATH[1] PATH[4] /bin /sbin
. If you specify a negative index when expanding or assigning to an array variable, the index will be calculated from the end of the array. For example, the index -1 means the last index of an array.
The scoping rules when creating or updating a variable are:
The exporting rules when creating or updating a variable are identical to the scoping rules for variables:
In query mode, the scope to be examined can be specified.
In erase mode, if variable indices are specified, only the specified slices of the array variable will be erased. When erasing an entire variable (i.e. no slicing), the scope of the variable to be erased can be specified. That way, a global variable can be erased even if a local variable with the same name exists. Scope can not be specified when erasing a slice of an array. The innermost scope is always used.
The set command requires all switch arguments to come before any non-switch arguments. For example, set flags -l
will have the effect of setting the value of the variable flags
to '-l', not making the variable local.
In assignment mode, set exits with an exit status of zero it the variable assignments where sucessfully performed, with a non-zero exit status otherwise. In query mode, the exit status is the number of variables that where not found. In erase mode, set exits with a zero exit status in case of success, with a non-zero exit status if the commandline was invalid, if the variable was write-protected or if the variable did not exist.
set -xg
will print all global, exported variables.
set foo hi
sets the value of the variable foo to be hi.
set -e smurf
removes the variable smurf
.
set PATH[4] ~/bin
changes the fourth element of the PATH
array to ~/bin
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set_color [-v --version] [-h --help] [-b --background COLOR] [COLOR]
-b
, --background
Set the background color-c
, --print-colors
Prints a list of all valid color names-h
, --help
Display help message and exit-o
, --bold
Set bold or extra bright mode-u
, --underline
Set underlined mode-v
, --version
Display version and exit
Calling set_color normal
will set the terminal color to whatever is the default color of the terminal.
Some terminals use the --bold escape sequence to switch to a brighter color set. On such terminals, set_color white
will result in a grey font color, while set_color --bold white
will result in a white font color.
Not all terminal emulators support all these features. This is not a bug in set_color but a missing feature in the terminal emulator.
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. FILENAME
fish < FILENAME
) since the commands will be evaluated by the current shell, which means that changes in environment variables, etc., will remain.. ~/.fish
causes fish to reread its initialization file.
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status [OPTION]
-c
or --is-command-substitution
returns 0 if fish is currently executing a command substitution-b
or --is-block
returns 0 if fish is currently executing a block of code-i
or --is-interactive
returns 0 if fish is interactive, i.e.connected to a keyboard-l
or --is-login
returns 0 if fish is a login shell, i.e. if fish should perform login tasks such as setting up the PATH.Back to index.
switch VALUE; [case [WILDCARD...]; [COMMANDS...]; ...] end
switch
statement is used to perform one of several blocks of commands depending on whether a specified value equals one of several wildcarded values. The case
statement is used together with the switch
statement in order to determine which block should be performed.
Each case
command is given one or more parameter. The first case
command with a parameter that matches the string specified in the switch command will be evaluated. case
parameters may contain wildcards. These need to be escaped or quoted in order to avoid regular wildcard expansion using filenames.
Note that fish does not fall through on case statements. Though the syntax may look a bit like C switch statements, it behaves more like the case stamantes of traditional shells.
Also note that command substitutions in a case statement will be evaluated even if it's body is not taken. This may seem counterintuitive at first, but it is unavoidable, since it would be impossible to know if a case command will evaluate to true before all forms of parameter expansion have been performed for the case command.
switch $animal case cat echo evil case wolf dog human moose dolphin whale echo mammal case duck goose albatross echo bird case shark trout stingray echo fish case '*' echo I have no idea what a $animal is end
If the above code was run with $animal
set to whale
, the output would be mammal
.
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trap [OPTIONS] [[ARG] SIGSPEC ... ]
-h
or --help
Display help and exit-l
or --list-signals
print a list of signal names-p
or --print
print all defined signal handlersIf ARG and SIGSPEC are both specified, ARG is the command to be executed when the signal specified by SIGSPEC is delivered.
If ARG is absent (and there is a single SIGSPEC) or -, each specified signal is reset to its original disposition (the value it had upon entrance to the shell). If ARG is the null string the signal specified by each SIGSPEC is ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.
If ARG is not present and -p has been supplied, then the trap commands associated with each SIGSPEC are displayed. If no arguments are supplied or if only -p is given, trap prints the list of commands associated with each signal.
Signal names are case insensitive and the SIG prefix is optional.
The return status is 1 if any SIGSPEC is invalid; otherwise trap returns 0.
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type [OPTIONS] name [name ...]
-h
or --help
print this message-a
or --all
print all of possible definitions of the specified names-f
or --no-functions
suppresses function and builtin lookup-t
or --type
print a string which is one of alias, keyword, function, builtin, or file if name is an alias, shell reserved word, function, builtin, or disk file, respectively-p
or --path
either return the name of the disk file that would be executed if name were specified as a command name, or nothing if 'type -t name' would not return 'file'-P
or --force-path
either return the name of the disk file that would be executed if name were specified as a command name, or nothing no file with the specified name could be found in the PATH
type
returns a zero exit status if the specified command was found, otherwise the exit status is one.
type fg
outputs the string 'fg is a shell builtin'.Back to index.
ulimit [OPTIONS] [LIMIT]
Use one of the following switches to specify which resource limit to set or report:
-c
or --core-size
The maximum size of core files created-d
or --data-size
The maximum size of a process's data segment-f
or --file-size
The maximum size of files created by the shell-l
or --lock-size
The maximum size that may be locked into memory-m
or --resident-set-size
The maximum resident set size-n
or --file-descriptor-count
The maximum number of open file descriptors (most systems do not allow this value to be set)-s
or --stack-size
The maximum stack size-t
or --cpu-time
The maximum amount of cpu time in seconds-u
or --process-count
The maximum number of processes available to a single user-v
or --virtual-memory-size
The maximum amount of virtual memory available to the shell. If supported by OS.Note that not all these limits are available in all operating systems.
The value of limit can be a number in the unit specified for the resource or one of the special values hard, soft, or unlimited, which stand for the current hard limit, the current soft limit, and no limit, respectively.
If limit is given, it is the new value of the specified resource. If no option is given, then -f is assumed. Values are in kilobytes, except for -t, which is in seconds and -n and -u, which are unscaled values. The return status is 0 unless an invalid option or argument is supplied, or an error occurs while setting a new limit.
ulimit also accepts the following switches that determine what type of limit to set:
-H
or --hard
Set hard resource limit-S
or --soft
Set soft resource limitA hard limit cannot be increased once it is set; a soft limit may be increased up to the value of the hard limit. If neither -H nor -S is specified, both the soft and hard limits are updated when assigning a new limit value, and the soft limit is used when reporting the current value.
The following additional options are also understood by ulimit:
-a
or --all
Print all current limits-h
or --help
Display help and exitThe fish implementation of ulimit should behave identically to the implementation in bash, except for these differences:
ulimit -Hs 64
would set the hard stack size limit to 64 kB:
Back to index.
umask [OPTIONS] [MASK]
If a symbolic mask is specified, the actual file permission bits, and not the inverse, should be specified. A symbolic mask is a comma separated list of rights. Each right consists of three parts:
u
, g
, o
or a
, where u
specifies the user who owns the file, g
specifies the group owner of the file, o
specific other users rights and a
specifies all three should be changed.=
, +
or -
, where =
specifies that the rights should be set to the new value, +
specifies that the specified right should be added to those previously specified and -
specifies that the specified rights should be removed from those previously specified.r
, w
and x
, representing read, write and execute rights.
If the first and second parts are skipped, they are assumed to be a
and =
, respectively. As an example, r,u+w
means all users should have read access and the file owner should also have write access.
-h
or --help
print this message-S
or --symbolic
prints the file-creation mask in symbolic form instead of octal form. Use man chmod
for more information.-p
or --as-command
prints any output in a form that may be reused as inputThe umask implementation in fish should behave identically to the one in bash.
umask 177
or umask u=rw
sets the file creation mask to read and write for the owner and no permissions at all for any other users.Back to index.
vared VARIABLE_NAME
vared PATH[3]
edits the third element of the PATH arrayBack to index.
while CONDITION; COMMANDS...; end
while
builtin causes fish to continually execute CONDITION and execute COMMANDS as long as CONDITION returned with status 0. If CONDITION is false on the first time, COMMANDS will not be executed at all. Hints: use begin; ...; end
for complex conditions; more complex control can be achieved with while true
containing a break.while test -f foo.txt; echo file exists; sleep 10; end
causes fish to print the line 'file exists' at 10 second intervals as long as the file foo.txt exists.
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