Using CDDL for CSVs

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction

The Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL), standardized in [RFC8610], is defined to provide data models for data shaped like JSON or CBOR.¶

Another representation format that is quote popular is the CSV file as defined by [RFC4180].¶

The present document shows how to use CDDL to provide a data model for CSV files.¶

2. CSV generic data model

The CSV format is defined in [RFC4180]. The generic data model for the data in a CSV file can be described in CDDL as:¶

csv = [?header, *record]
header = [+header-field]
record = [+field]
header-field = text
field = text

Note that the elements of this data model describe the interpretation of the data after processing and removal of lexical structure such as newlines, commas, escape characters, and quotation marks.¶

For the purposes of a specific application, the data model level structure of each field may be described in a more elaborate way, e.g., as a number. CDDL currently does not have a way to express the transformation from the text string in the CSV field to the number that this text string represents at the application data model level; the usage of anything but "text" for a field therefore MUST be accompanied by an instruction how to perform the translation. As a preferred choice, the JSON representation of the data model item, if it exists, MAY be chosen by that instruction.¶

Since the CSV media type text/csv defaults to using the US-ASCII character set (i.e., [STD80]; see Section 3 of [RFC4180]), many uses of CSV will need to specify the media type parameter charset. (Note that CDDL can describe text information that is in UTF-8 form, which includes US-ASCII as that is a subset of UTF-8. If a different form that is not a subset of UTF-8 is really still needed, some rules for conversion will need to be defined by the application.)¶

The media type parameter header MAY be used to indicate the presence or absence of a header line; if it is not given, the grammar MUST NOT be ambiguous about the presence of a header (i.e., it MUST be either mandatory or absent).¶

Note that the ABNF [STD68] in [RFC4180] does not quite handle the case that charset is not us-ascii. For the purposes of the present specification, the ABNF is understood to allow all characters from the charset except %x22 and %x2C in TEXTDATA. For the purposes of the present specification, the ABNF rule CRLF is read as:¶

CRLF = [CR] LF

as is hinted in Section 3 of [RFC4180].¶

3. Examples

A simplified CSV form definition of a SID file [I-D.ietf-core-sid] might look like this:¶

; header = absent

SID-File = [meta-record,
            ?description-record,
            *dependency-record,
            *range-record,
            *item-record]

meta-record = ["ietf-sid-file",
               module-name: text,
               module-revision: empty / text,
               sid-file-revision: empty / text,
               sid-file-status: empty / "unpublished" / "published"]

description-record = ["description",
                      description: empty / text]

dependency-record = ["dependency",
                     module-name: text,
                     module-revision: text]

range-record = ["range",
                entry-point: uint,
                size: uint]

item-record = [; "item", -- useful to elide for bulk of file
               sid: uint
               (
                 namespace: "module" / "identity" / "feature"
                 identifier: yang-identifier
                //
                 namespace: "data"
                 identifier: schema-node-path
               )
               status: empty / "stable" / "unstable" / "obsolete"]

yang-identifier = text .abnf ("yang-identifier" .det id-abnf)
schema-node-path = text .abnf ("schema-node-path" .det id-abnf)
id-abnf = '
  schema-node-path = "/" QID *( "/" OQID)
  yang-identifier = ID
  QID = ID ":" ID
  OQID = ID [":" ID]
  ID = I *C
  I = "_" / %x41-5a / %x61-7a
  C = I / %x30-39 / "-" / "."
'

empty = ""

This CDDL data model assumes that the text strings representing the numbers entry-point, size, and sid are converted to uint. (Note that, due to the way YANG-JSON [RFC7951] defines the representation of uint64 data items, these actually are text strings in JSON, which in CSV is indistinguishable from numbers. However, the CDDL model for the CSV files will be more useful if it takes into account typical CSV applications that automatically convert integer-like text strings into numbers.)¶

The result of representing in CSV the sid file ietf-system.sid (as defined in Appendix A of [I-D.ietf-core-sid]) is shown in Appendix A.¶

4. IANA Considerations

This document makes no requests of IANA.¶

5. Security considerations

The security considerations of [RFC8610] and [RFC4180] apply.¶

Appendix A. Example: ietf-system.sid represented in CSV

This appendix shows the CSV file that is automatically generated from Appendix A of [I-D.ietf-core-sid]. (Note that plaintext-based RFCs are limited to 72 columns; therefore five long lines in the CSV file have been folded as defined in [RFC8792].)¶

=============== NOTE: '\' line wrapping per RFC 8792 ================

ietf-sid-file,ietf-system,2014-08-06,,
description,Example sid file
dependency,ietf-yang-types,2013-07-15
dependency,ietf-inet-types,2013-07-15
dependency,ietf-netconf-acm,2018-02-14
dependency,iana-crypt-hash,2014-08-06
range,1700,100
1700,module,ietf-system,
1701,identity,authentication-method,
1702,identity,local-users,
1703,identity,radius,
1704,identity,radius-authentication-type,
1705,identity,radius-chap,
1706,identity,radius-pap,
1707,feature,authentication,
1708,feature,dns-udp-tcp-port,
1709,feature,local-users,
1710,feature,ntp,
1711,feature,ntp-udp-port,
1712,feature,radius,
1713,feature,radius-authentication,
1714,feature,timezone-name,
1715,data,/ietf-system:set-current-datetime,
1716,data,/ietf-system:set-current-datetime/current-datetime,
1717,data,/ietf-system:system,
1718,data,/ietf-system:system-restart,
1719,data,/ietf-system:system-shutdown,
1720,data,/ietf-system:system-state,
1721,data,/ietf-system:system-state/clock,
1722,data,/ietf-system:system-state/clock/boot-datetime,
1723,data,/ietf-system:system-state/clock/current-datetime,
1724,data,/ietf-system:system-state/platform,
1725,data,/ietf-system:system-state/platform/machine,
1726,data,/ietf-system:system-state/platform/os-name,
1727,data,/ietf-system:system-state/platform/os-release,
1728,data,/ietf-system:system-state/platform/os-version,
1729,data,/ietf-system:system/authentication,
1730,data,/ietf-system:system/authentication/user,
1731,data,/ietf-system:system/authentication/user-authentication-\
                                                               order,
1732,data,/ietf-system:system/authentication/user/authorized-key,
1733,data,/ietf-system:system/authentication/user/authorized-key/\
                                                           algorithm,
1734,data,/ietf-system:system/authentication/user/authorized-key/key\
                                                               -data,
1735,data,/ietf-system:system/authentication/user/authorized-key/\
                                                                name,
1736,data,/ietf-system:system/authentication/user/name,
1737,data,/ietf-system:system/authentication/user/password,
1738,data,/ietf-system:system/clock,
1739,data,/ietf-system:system/clock/timezone-name,
1740,data,/ietf-system:system/clock/timezone-utc-offset,
1741,data,/ietf-system:system/contact,
1742,data,/ietf-system:system/dns-resolver,
1743,data,/ietf-system:system/dns-resolver/options,
1744,data,/ietf-system:system/dns-resolver/options/attempts,
1745,data,/ietf-system:system/dns-resolver/options/timeout,
1746,data,/ietf-system:system/dns-resolver/search,
1747,data,/ietf-system:system/dns-resolver/server,
1748,data,/ietf-system:system/dns-resolver/server/name,
1749,data,/ietf-system:system/dns-resolver/server/udp-and-tcp,
1750,data,/ietf-system:system/dns-resolver/server/udp-and-tcp/\
                                                             address,
1751,data,/ietf-system:system/dns-resolver/server/udp-and-tcp/port,
1752,data,/ietf-system:system/hostname,
1753,data,/ietf-system:system/location,
1754,data,/ietf-system:system/ntp,
1755,data,/ietf-system:system/ntp/enabled,
1756,data,/ietf-system:system/ntp/server,
1757,data,/ietf-system:system/ntp/server/association-type,
1758,data,/ietf-system:system/ntp/server/iburst,
1759,data,/ietf-system:system/ntp/server/name,
1760,data,/ietf-system:system/ntp/server/prefer,
1761,data,/ietf-system:system/ntp/server/udp,
1762,data,/ietf-system:system/ntp/server/udp/address,
1763,data,/ietf-system:system/ntp/server/udp/port,
1764,data,/ietf-system:system/radius,
1765,data,/ietf-system:system/radius/options,
1766,data,/ietf-system:system/radius/options/attempts,
1767,data,/ietf-system:system/radius/options/timeout,
1768,data,/ietf-system:system/radius/server,
1769,data,/ietf-system:system/radius/server/authentication-type,
1770,data,/ietf-system:system/radius/server/name,
1771,data,/ietf-system:system/radius/server/udp,
1772,data,/ietf-system:system/radius/server/udp/address,
1773,data,/ietf-system:system/radius/server/udp/authentication-port,
1774,data,/ietf-system:system/radius/server/udp/shared-secret,

Acknowledgements

Rob Wilton, unknowingly, made us write this specification. We hope it will be useful. Laurent Toutain inspired the SID CDDL format with an example.¶

Authors' Addresses